Sometimes I have bleeding after sex. What could be causing this?

Experiencing bleeding after sex can be concerning, especially when you’re not expecting it.

While bleeding after sex could be your period coming early, it may also signal an underlying issue that requires medical attention.

Understanding the potential reasons, identifying symptoms, and knowing when to seek help are all important for your health and peace of mind.

Common Causes of Bleeding After Sex

There are many reasons you might experience bleeding after sex. Below, we outline some of the most common causes:

Your Menstrual Cycle

Bleeding after or during sex can be caused by your menstrual cycle.

Sometimes, you may get a little spotting or bleeding after sex a few days before or after your period, and this is usually nothing to be concerned about. In fact, having sex can sometimes trigger bleeding to start a little earlier than normal if you are close to your expected start date.

Why Do I Get My Period After Sex?

So, why can sex trigger a period to come early? This is due to a combination of your uterus naturally contracting when you orgasm, and semen softening your cervix.

This can also happen for a few days after your typical cycle is over. So even if you thought your period was over, sex can sometimes trigger that bleeding.

Infections

Infections are another cause of postcoital bleeding. These include:

• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea can cause inflammation and bleeding.
• Cervicitis: Inflammation of the cervix can result in irritation and spotting.
• Vaginal Infections: Conditions such as bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections may cause bleeding, especially when coupled with other symptoms like itching, unusual discharge, or discomfort.

If you experience bleeding alongside signs of infection, such as foul-smelling discharge, itching, pelvic pain, or discomfort, it’s important to seek an infection screening right away.

Structural Issues

Sometimes, structural abnormalities within the reproductive system can lead to postcoital bleeding. These include:

• Cervical Polyps: Noncancerous growths on the cervix that may cause bleeding during or after intercourse.
• Uterine Fibroids: Benign growths in the uterus that can result in abnormal bleeding.
• Endometrial Hyperplasia: Thickening of the uterine lining, which may cause spotting or heavier bleeding.

Trauma and Friction

When the body isn’t properly prepared for intercourse, increased friction or pressure can result in minor trauma, which may cause light bleeding.

• Vaginal Tears or Lacerations: Insufficient lubrication or vigorous intercourse can sometimes result in minor tears or irritation.
• Friction: A lack of lubrication or arousal can cause irritation during sex, leading to spotting or light bleeding after sex.

Hormonal Factors

Fluctuations in hormone levels can affect the vaginal lining, making it more sensitive and prone to bleeding after intercourse.

• Hormonal Birth Control: Some hormonal contraceptives may influence bleeding patterns.
• Menopause or Perimenopause: Hormonal changes during these phases can lead to vaginal dryness and thinning, which may cause bleeding.

More Serious Causes

While less common, postcoital bleeding can sometimes indicate a more serious condition. These include:

• Cervical Dysplasia: Abnormal cells on the cervix, which can sometimes progress to cancer.
• Cervical Cancer: Uncommon but a possible cause of bleeding after intercourse.
• Endometrial, Vaginal, or Vulvar Cancers: These rare conditions can also present with postcoital bleeding.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection of the reproductive organs that can cause irregular bleeding and pain.
• Ectopic Pregnancy: This potentially life-threatening condition can sometimes present with abnormal bleeding.

What Should You Do If You’re Experiencing Bleeding After Sex?

If you notice bleeding after sex that doesn’t seem related to your period, it’s important to see a healthcare professional to determine the cause. Here’s what you can expect during your visit:

Medical History Review

Your provider will ask about your symptoms, sexual history, and any prior gynecological concerns.

Physical Examination

A pelvic exam will help identify any visible issues, such as infections, irritation, or structural abnormalities.

Laboratory Tests

You may undergo:

• Testing for STIs
• A Pap smear (if it’s due or recommended by your provider)

Imaging Studies

An ultrasound may be performed to look for uterine fibroids, polyps, or other structural issues.

Additional Testing

Depending on initial findings, further evaluations like a colposcopy (to examine the cervix more closely) or an endometrial biopsy may be necessary.

Don’t hesitate to reach out to schedule an appointment if you’re experiencing symptoms or have concerns. Your health and comfort are always worth prioritizing.